🌸🌺flowers🌸🌺
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospream ) The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of spream with eggs. Flowers may facilitate outcrossing (fusion of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population) resulting from cross-pollination or allow selfing (fusion of sperm and egg from the same flower) when self-pollination occurs.
The two types of pollination are: self-pollination and cross-pollination. Self -pollination happens when the pollen from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower, or another flower on the same plant. Cross- pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different individual of the same species.
Function
The principal purpose of a flower is the reproduction of the individual and the species. All flowering plants are heterosporous, that is, every individual plant produces two types of spores. Microspores are produced by meiosis inside anthers and megaspores are produced inside ovules that are within an ovary.
Anthers typically consist of four microsporangia and an ovule is an integumented megasporangium. Both types of spores develop into gametophytes inside sporangia. As with all heterosporous plants, the gametophytes also develop inside the spores, i. e., they are endosporic.
Pollination
The primary purpose of the flower is reproduction.Since the flowers are the reproductive organs of the plant, they mediate the joining of the sperm, contained within pollen, to the ovules — contained in the ovary. Pollination is the movement of pollen from the anthers to the stigma.
Biotic pollination
Flowers that use biotic vectors attract and use insects, bats, birds, or other animals to transfer pollen from one flower to the next. Often they are specialized in shape and have an arrangement of the stamens that ensures that pollen grains are transferred to the bodies of the pollinator when it lands in search of its attractant (such as nectar, pollen, or a mate).
Abiotic pollination
Flowers that use abiotic, or non-living, vectors use the wind or, much less commonly, water, to move pollen from one flower to the next.In wind-dispersed species, the tiny pollen grains are carried, sometimes many thousands of kilometres,by the wind to other flowers.
Fertilization
Fertilization, also called Synagmy, occurs following pollination, which is the movement of pollen from the stamen to the carpel. It encompasses both plasmogamy, the fusion of the protoplasts, and karyogamy, the fusion of the nuclei. When pollen lands on the stigma of the flower it begins creating a pollen tube which runs down through the style and into the ovary.
After penetrating the centre-most part of the ovary it enters the egg apparatus and into one synergid. At this point the end of the pollen tube bursts and releases the two sperm cells, one of which makes its way to an egg, while also losing its cell membrane and much of its protoplasm.
Conclusion
The flower is the reproductive organ of the plant. Without the flower the plant will notbe able to reproduce. Pollination is the transfer of pollen by pollinators such as insects, wind,or other means. This process occurs when pollen, which is produced in the plants malereproductive organ, or stamen, is exposed to the pistil found within the females reproductivepart. Once pollination takes place, seeds begin to develop. Pollination is an important part ofa plants life cycle, from flowering plants to non-flowering ones.